Sleep Disorders Glossary – H
Habitual Snorers
Habitual snorers are that individuals who snore almost every night.
Heart Rate/ Beats Per Minute (bpm)
Heart Rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs. Usually it is calculated as the number of contractions (heart beats) of the heart in one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm).
Heart rate is continuously monitored in both diagnostic sleep studies and CPAP titration studies.
Hertz (Hz)
Hertz (Hz) is the unit of frequency measuring cycles per second (cps). A measurement used in describing sleep EEG brain waves.
Histogram
Histogram is a bar graph of a frequency distribution in which the widths of the bars are proportional to the classes into which the variable has been divided and the heights of the bars are proportional to the class frequencies.
Homeostatic/Homeostasis
Homeostatic/Homeostasis is the balanced state of the living body, in spite of variations in the environment.
Homeostatic Regulation Of Sleep
Homeostatic regulation of sleep refers to the neurobiological signals arbitrating the pressure or urge to sleep.
Humidification
Humidification is the adding moisture to the airflow as an addition to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy, while treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To prevent the upper airway from drying out humidification is added to the CPAP device by diverting the airflow over a cool or heated water reservoir (humidifier).
Hyoid advancement
Hyoid advancement is a surgical treatment for enlarging the air space behind the tongue. In Hyoid advancement, the hyoid bone is moved forward and either attached to the Adam's apple or to the jawbone and thereby the airspace behind the tongue is enlarged.
Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the muscles of the tongue.
Hyoid Suspension
Hyoid Suspension is a surgical treatment for sleep apnea or snoring by improving the airway behind the base of the tongue. If the hyoid bone containing these muscles is pulled forward in front of the voice box, it can open the airway space behind the tongue.
Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia is a condition marked by an unusually high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood .
Hyperirritability
Hyperirritability is extreme irritability, which is often seen in sleep deprived individuals.
Hypersomnia refers to either excessive sleepiness during the day or extended, overly long periods of nighttime sleep. It may be associated with difficulty in awakening. Other words that are synonymous with hypersomnia are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), excessive sleepiness, or somnolence.
Hypersomnolence
Hypersomnolence is excessive daytime sleepiness.
Hypertension
Hypertension is elevated blood pressure resulting from an increase in the amount of blood pumped by the heart or from increased resistance to the flow of blood through the small arterial blood vessels .
Hypnagogic Hallucinations is a “greater-than-life-like” dream experience. It is vivid, often frightening, dream-like images and sounds experienced at REM sleep onset, usually accompanied by fear and anxiety. It is a characteristic feature of narcolepsy.
Hallucination
Hallucination is a false and unclear perception of objects or events.
Hypnic jerk
Hypnic jerk is the sensation of falling and then a physical jerk into wakefulness, usually during Stage 1 sleep. It is also called as sleep starts
Hypnogram
Hypnogram is the graphical summary of the electrical activities happening during a night's sleep.
Hypnophobia
Hypnophobia is the morbid fear of falling asleep.
Hypnotic
Hypnotic is a medication that causes drowsiness, induces sleep onset, and/or maintains sleep. It is also called a sleeping pill, sedative, or a sedative-hypnotic medication
Hypnotoxin
Hypnotoxin is the term coined by Henri Pieron in 1907 that described a sleep-inducing substance thought to be in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is also called sleep-promoting substance (SPS)
Hypocretin
Hypocretin is a chemical secreted in the hypothalmus that regulates the sleep/wake cycle. It is also called orexin. Narcolepsy is sometimes described as an orexin deficiency syndrome.
Hypopharynx
Hypopharynx is the bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus.
Hypopnea - an episode of abnormally slow or shallow respiration during sleep that lasts longer than 10 seconds. Usually accompanied by oxygen desaturation Hypopnea differs from apnea in that some airflow is present.
Hypothalamus is The part of the brain that lies below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate bodily temperature, certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic activities.
Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation is the abnormally slow and shallow respiration, resulting in an increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood .
Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia is the insufficient oxygenation of the blood .
Hypoxia
Hypoxia is the deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues .
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